Optimization of multi-blade spiral airflow wet dust collector for coal mine heading face

To solve the problems of high energy consumption and low dust removal efficiency in limited space of existing dust control equipment for coal mine heading faces, a novel multi-blade spiral airflow wet dust removal device is proposed. The dust collector consists of a three-stage dust removal structure: the first stage is a spray dust-settling zone, where G1.0 atomizing nozzles are used to achieve preliminary capture of fine dust; the second stage is a spiral airflow zone, where the blade shape and number are optimized through numerical simulation (using the SIMPLE algorithm, the realizable k-ε turbulence model, and a convergence residual of 1.0 × 10⁻⁴), and the airflow induction capabilities of spiral blades and circular-arc blades are compared to determine the optimal blade parameters; the third stage is a dewatering and purification zone, where hook-type corrugated baffle demisting plates are used for gas-liquid separation. Numerical simulation analysis shows that spiral blades have better airflow induction capability, and the flow field inside the dust collector is stable with five blades. Field application at Qipanjing Coal Mine shows that the dust concentration in the breathing zone on the return air side of the roadway decreased from 448.20 mg/m³ to 268.12 mg/m³, a reduction of 40.18%. Through the synergistic effect of the three-stage mechanism, the device effectively improves the working environment.