Research and practice on spray and airborne dust control technology in rapid excavation working face

This study addresses the dust pollution challenges in rapid excavation working faces of coal mines by establishing a multiphase flow collaborative control technology system for efficient dust suppression. Based on the bimodal distribution characteristics of dust and the separation requirements of quartz components, the research team developed a droplet size-kinetic energy matching model, optimizing key parameters such as water supply pressure (8～12 MPa) and median droplet size (50～80 μm). A quaternary three-dimensional nozzle array and jet trajectory compensation device were designed, incorporating an innovative air-water linkage dynamic regulation module, achieving a 92% matching degree between the droplet velocity field and dust migration field. By integrating air-water dual-membrane filtration technology with gradient wetting fiber layers and activated carbon-diatomite composite adsorption layers, a three-stage centrifugal fan unit collaborative airborne dust control system was constructed. Field applications demonstrated that the system maintains a stable air volume of 4800～5200 m³/h, reducing total dust concentration by over 90% and controlling peak respirable dust concentration at 12～18 mg/m³. Additionally, the spray coverage blind area was reduced to 4.7%, energy consumption was optimized to 0.38 kW·h/1000 m³, and the dust diffusion boundary was compressed by 28%. These results provide an innovative solution for dust control in rapid excavation working faces of coal mines.