Abstract: In view of the problem of efficient dust suppression in heading faces during coal mining, a fresh air dust control system is proposed by introducing a fresh air distribution device and dispersion dust suction devices to coordinate the airflow field, comprehensively considering factors such as dust sources, airflow field, dust migration, and airflow disturbance in the system. The COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software is used to simulate the dust diffusion law of the fresh air dust control system, and the dust migration and settling patterns at different positions in the heading roadway are analyzed. By reasonably arranging forced air inlets and suction openings and utilizing the coordinated relationship formed by negative-pressure dust suction and positive-pressure air supply, the influence characteristics of key factors such as different distributions and combinations of forced and suction openings on the dust suppression efficiency in the heading face are studied and summarized. The results show that: under the condition of unchanged forced air inlet parameters, when the suction openings are simultaneously distributed at the top and on both sides of the dispersion dust suction device, the dust concentration is the lowest and the initial dust settling time is advanced; under the condition of unchanged suction opening parameters, compared with arranging the forced air inlets directly in front of the fresh air distribution device and both in front of and on both sides of the device, arranging the forced air inlets only on both sides of the fresh air distribution device leads to an overall decrease in dust concentration; by combining the optimal distribution positions of the forced and suction openings, the dust suppression efficiency in the heading face can be greatly improved.