Abstract: In light of the frequent occurrence of rockburst disasters during the excavation of underlying roadways in adjacent coal seam goaf, this study takes the main transportation roadway of the 3107 working face in Menkeqing Coal Mine as the engineering background. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field practice, the stress distribution characteristics of surrounding rock and the mechanism of rockburst under the goaf are investigated. The research shows that after protective seam mining, the vertical stress in the underlying coal seam undergoes a three-stage evolution of "increase-decrease-stabilization." A high-stress concentration zone forms within a 70-meter range outside the goaf boundary, which is the main inducing factor of rockburst. A prevention and control technology system of "stress zoning identification and hierarchical pressure relief regulation" is proposed, adopting a combined pressure relief scheme of "large-diameter drilling in coal pillar areas + roof pre-splitting blasting." Field application demonstrates that this technology effectively reduces roadway surrounding rock deformation, without rockburst accidents occurring. The research results provide theoretical foundations and technical references for rockburst prevention under similar conditions in coal mines.