Abstract: This study addresses the dust pollution challenges in rapid excavation working faces of coal mines by establishing a multiphase flow collaborative control technology system for efficient dust suppression. Based on the bimodal distribution characteristics of dust and the separation requirements of quartz components, the research team developed a droplet size-kinetic energy matching model, optimizing key parameters such as water supply pressure (8～12 MPa) and median droplet size (50～80 μm). A quaternary three-dimensional nozzle array and jet trajectory compensation device were designed, incorporating an innovative air-water linkage dynamic regulation module, achieving a 92% matching degree between the droplet velocity field and dust migration field. By integrating air-water dual-membrane filtration technology with gradient wetting fiber layers and activated carbon-diatomite composite adsorption layers, a three-stage centrifugal fan unit collaborative airborne dust control system was constructed. Field applications demonstrated that the system maintains a stable air volume of 4800～5200 m³/h, reducing total dust concentration by over 90% and controlling peak respirable dust concentration at 12～18 mg/m³. Additionally, the spray coverage blind area was reduced to 4.7%, energy consumption was optimized to 0.38 kW·h/1000 m³, and the dust diffusion boundary was compressed by 28%. These results provide an innovative solution for dust control in rapid excavation working faces of coal mines.