Abstract: In order to address the problem that lower layered mining in shallow-buried close-distance coal seams is affected by overlying residual coal pillars, and taking Fengjiata Coal Mine as the background, this study aims to reveal the stress transfer mechanism of residual coal pillars and their influential law on the underlying roadways. This paper comprehensively adopts a method combining numerical simulation, theoretical mechanical analysis, and field measurement verification to systematically analyze the stress distribution characteristics induced by residual coal pillars in floor strata, establish a floor stress model, theoretically determine the safe layout zone of roadways, and carry out optimization and comparison of multiple schemes. The research shows that residual coal pillars are the main carriers for the downward transmission of mining-induced stress. The vertical stress, horizontal stress, and shear stress formed in the floor exhibit an envelope distribution, and the influence depth is concentrated within 20 m below the pillar edge. When the pillar width is 12 m, a stable elastic core zone can form inside it, which is conducive to the stability of the underlying roadway. Based on this, corresponding roadway layout measures were derived and verified through field tests, showing that the roadway deformation can be kept below 2.5% of its cross-sectional size, verifying the reliability of the research results.