Abstract: To obtain the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of roadway under different mining heights, the transport roadway of the 2301 working face of Yangcheng Coal Mine is taken as the research background. Through on-site investigation, numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of roadway under different mining heights were obtained, and the support design scheme was proposed. The results show the vertical stress between coal pillars, the vertical displacement of the overlying rock layer in the goaf of the working face, the area of the plastic failure zone and the failure area of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of roadway increase with the increase of coal seam mining height, and there is a positive correlation. Based on the theory of the loosening circle of the surrounding rock of roadway, it is concluded that the range of the loosening circle of roadway roof is 3.25 m, and the range of the loosening circles on both sides is 2.5 m. According to the range of the loosening circle of the surrounding rock of roadway, the design of the surrounding rock support of roadway is proposed. Through on-site monitoring, the deformation of the surrounding rock of roadway is relatively small, and the load on anchor rods have not exceeded the ultimate values, further verifying the rationality of the support design.