Abstract: In order to deeply explore the fracture evolution characteristics and surface movement law in the mining process of shallow buried coal seam, optimize the mining scheme, and realize the safe, green and efficient mining of coal mine, taking 6101 working face as the research object, UDEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the fracture development in the mining process. By analyzing the fracture development characteristics under different advancing distances, the fracture development process, shape and distribution were studied, the type and development process of surface movement were analyzed, and the surface movement control technology was put forward. The results show that during the mining process, the fractures initiate at the initial stage, then expand and connect, and tend to be stable in the later stage. The fracture morphology is diverse, and the width and height in the vertical direction decrease upwards. The plane is approximately elliptical around the goaf. The surface movement includes subsidence, horizontal movement and various forms of fracture development. When the working face is advanced to 30 m and 55 m, the surface subsidence reaches the maximum value. Filling mining technology can reduce the maximum surface subsidence by more than 60%. The proposed control technology provides scientific basis and technical support for coal mining under similar conditions, which is of great significance for ensuring safe and efficient coal mining and protecting the ecological environment of the mining area.