Abstract: Focusing on the problems of limited active source excitation and insufficient continuity of advance prediction due to the asynchrony between exploration and excavation in coal mine roadway heading, a seismic-while-excavating advance detection method based on the passive seismic source of roadheader cutting vibrations is proposed, and its engineering application is validated in Zhaozhuang No. 2 Mine. A system consisting of "underground multi-channel acquisition−fiber optic ring network transmission−surface master station automatic processing" was constructed. Invalid data segments were automatically eliminated using an average absolute amplitude threshold and state indicators. Seismic interferometry was employed to reconstruct virtual shot gathers, and traveltime-constrained imaging was performed. The result from the previous cycle was used as the initial model for iterative updating, achieving rolling imaging over a distance of approximately 150 m. A total monitoring length of 2434 m was conducted in 7 roadways, and 12 anomalies were predicted. For the 10 anomalies exposed, the positioning errors ranged from 2 to 7 m, with an average of 3.7 m. Anomalies in the unexposed roadway sections were verified by drilling and interpreted to be consistent with fault zones and influence zones of collapse columns. This technology requires no additional active source excitation, causes minimal interference with production, enables continuous prediction and dynamic updating of geological anomalies during excavation, and provides support for transparent geology and intelligent excavation.