Abstract: To improve the construction level of the mine emergency rescue system in Shaanxi Province by systematically analyzing the current status of its team layout, equipment construction and capacity building, identifying the main shortcomings and proposing optimization paths. Based on relevant policy documents, statistical data and research literature on mine rescue in Shaanxi Province, we conduct an analysis from three dimensions: team construction, equipment construction and capacity building, and compares the quantity, hierarchical structure and regional distribution of full-time, part-time and non-coal mine rescue forces. The results show that up to now, there are 46 full-time mine rescue teams in Shaanxi Province, including 5 Grade I standardized brigades, 3 Grade II and 38 Grade III; 219 part-time mine rescue teams; and 698 non-coal mines across the Province, distributed in 9 prefecture-level cities and 64 counties (districts). On the whole, Shaanxi has initially formed a mine rescue system of "full-time + part-time + non-coal extension", but there are still problems such as insufficient coverage of professional rescue forces in southern Shaanxi, unbalanced standardized and substantive operation of part-time teams, inadequate allocation and in-depth application of intelligent equipment, and weak support for cross-regional coordination and actual combat drills. It is concluded that the construction of the mine rescue system in Shaanxi Province should be continuously improved in terms of balanced regional layout, government-enterprise collaborative construction, intelligent equipment upgrading and actual combat capacity improvement, so as to build a modern mine emergency rescue system with comprehensive coverage, rapid response and efficient coordination.