Abstract: Aiming at the problem of rock burst induced by high-intensity mining of thick and hard roof in deep mines, the fracturing characteristics and anti-rock burst effect of surface horizontal wells were studied based on the engineering background of 2201 working face in Balasu Coal Mine. Based on physical and mechanical tests and brittle mineral analysis, the fracability of the target rock layer was discriminated. The fracture pressure and fracture propagation characteristics of the rock layer were obtained through field fracturing tests. The fracturing effect was verified by multi-source data such as surface microseismic monitoring, roadway water outlet and mine pressure appearance. It is determined that the fine sandstone layer with a thickness of 8.2 m at 46.8 m above the coal seam is the main key fracturing layer, which has high strength, strong fracability and high brittle mineral content. The field fracturing test shows that the rock breaking pressure is about 29 MPa, and the construction parameters are stable and controllable. The hydraulic fractures are distributed in a band along the strike of the working face, with a horizontal range of 262.6 m. During the fracturing period, the water outlet of the roadway is enhanced. During the mining period, the microseismic activity in the fracturing area is dominated by small energy events, and the periodic weighting step is significantly reduced. Surface horizontal well fracturing can effectively weaken the overall bearing structure of thick and hard roof, and make it transform from overall instability to graded breaking, so as to realize the regional control of rock burst risk.