Abstract: Aiming at the problem of strong strata pressure behavior in gob-side roadways induced by the lateral cantilever beam structure, the stress transfer characteristics and fracture mechanism of lateral overburden were studied, and a pressure relief technology by actively weakening the lateral overhanging roof was proposed and verified. Taking the 301 fully mechanized caving face of Shendong Buertai Coal Mine as the engineering background, a combination of field investigation, numerical simulation, physical similarity simulation and underground industrial test was adopted to analyze the lateral overburden stress transfer law and the cantilever beam fracture mechanism. A directional long borehole staged hydraulic fracturing technology and corresponding equipment based on the ZDY15000LD drill rig were developed, and an industrial test was carried out underground. The research shows that the essence of strong strata pressure in gob-side roadways lies in the fracturing of the lateral "cantilever beam" structure formed by high-level key strata under secondary mining, which exerts a combined action of "static load (high abutment pressure) + dynamic load (fracturing impact)" on the coal pillar and roadway. The developed directional hydraulic fracturing technology successfully achieved precise fracturing of the key strata, i.e., fine-grained sandstone 20 m above the roof and sandy mudstone 57 m above. Field practice demonstrates that after fracturing, the advance influential range of anchor cable stress is reduced by 25%～40%, the lag influential range is reduced by 46%～64%, and the peak stress is reduced by 23.9%; microseismic events exhibit "high frequency and low energy" characteristics, with the maximum energy decreasing by up to 70.4%, and roadway deformation being reduced by more than 80%. The directional weakening and pressure relief technology for the lateral overhanging roof roof in gob-side roadways effectively cuts off the lateral stress transfer path, eliminates large-energy dynamic load impacts, and realizes a shift from passive support to active pressure relief at the source, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for surrounding rock stability control of gob-side roadways under similar conditions.