Abstract: To effectively control dust concentration at the excavation face, this paper analyzes the dust suppression mechanisms of water curtain and air curtain based on existing dust control technologies. The dust concentration distribution under different air curtain opening widths was studied through numerical simulation. The results show that when the opening width is 1.5 cm, the air curtain can effectively block most of the dust within the excavation face area. The key parameters of the water curtain were optimized through experiments, and the optimal combination was determined as a mesh size of 2 mm×2 mm, a water curtain angle of 105° to the horizontal, a spray spacing of 1.2 m, and a spray pressure of 3 MPa. A combined water–air curtain dust suppression technology system was established. Field application demonstrates that under conditions such as a high air supply rate (21 m³·min⁻¹), the dust settling efficiency can reach up to 79.07%. After implementation, the total dust and respirable dust concentrations in the roadway were reduced to 58.3 mg/m³ and 33.8 mg/m³, respectively, and the dust suppression efficiency reached up to 88.05%, significantly improving the working environment.