Abstract: There are problems such as large air leakage and easy spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf area of the 12901 working face. In this paper, Fluent numerical simulation software is used to simulate and compare the differences in key parameters such as pressure distribution, temperature distribution, oxygen concentration distribution, carbon monoxide distribution, nitrogen concentration distribution and gas concentration distribution in the goaf area with or without nitrogen injection pipes and extraction roadways. Based on the simulation results, the changes in the distribution of gas concentration were evaluated and the management design of the goaf was optimized. It was concluded that nitrogen injection pumping causes oxygen to accumulate in the pumping pipe, inhibits the oxidation of coal residue, reduces the oxygen concentration, and suppresses the production of carbon monoxide. When nitrogen is injected alone, a high-concentration nitrogen gas area is prone to form at the nitrogen injection outlet, and the concentration decreases with distance. The combined intervention of nitrogen injection and extraction will change the direction of gas flow, resulting in uneven diffusion of nitrogen gas. Extraction will accelerate the discharge of gases, significantly reducing the concentrations of methane and carbon monoxide in the goaf and lowering the risk of accumulation. When there is no nitrogen injection-extraction intervention, the pressure gradient in the goaf is dominated by ventilation dynamics. The pressure rises after nitrogen injection, while it drops significantly when nitrogen injection-extraction is intervened in a coordinated manner. This research aims to provide a scientific basis for the efficient management of goaf areas and mine safety.