Abstract: The study of overburden migration law during mining of the first mining face is of great value to improve mine safety and operation efficiency.Based on the research background of 6301 first mining face in Six Panel Area of Changping Coal Mine, the migration law of overburden rock during mining of the first mining face is studied through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement.The research shows that when the 6301 working face reaches 40 m, the old roof breaks for the first time, and the influential range of the advanced abutment pressure is within 85 m of the advanced working face.The height of the collapse zone of the first mining face is 20～30 m, the height of the fracture zone is 30～40 m, and the curved subsidence zone extends to 50 m away from the roof of the working face and the surface.Field observation shows that the pressure during the “square” period is generally higher than that during the normal mining period.The initial collapse step distance of direct roof is between 11.8 and 15.1 m, the initial weighting step distance of basic roof is between 28.6 and 35.2 m, and the periodic weighting step distance of basic roof is 12.81 and 25.1 m.